Sheep are hardy, well covered animals, usually kept in the open all year round.
Yearling - an animal in its second year of age, eg yearling cattle, yearling filly, yearling colt. They are brought for finishing, normally well-grown animals of up to two years of age. Store Cattle - animals for beef which have been reared on one or more farms, and then are sold, either to dealers or other farmers. Steer - castrated male animal over one year of age. Stirk - regional term for a half grown animal, heifer or bullock, six to 12 months of age. Primiparous - general term for any female animal that has had one pregnancy that resulted in viable offspring. Maiden - a female, eg ewe, gilt, heifer, bitch, mare, of breeding age but not yet mated. Maiden Heifer/Bulling Heifer - heifer before going the bull. Multiparous - female animal that has had two or more pregnancies resulting in viable offspring. After second calving known as a cow (also second calver). A springing heifer is in the last one or two weeks of pregnancy. May be qualified as replacement (to enter herd as a replacement for a culled cow), pregnant, maiden or spayed heifer. Heifer - young female bovine animal up to birth of first calf or in lactation following the first calving. Free-Marten - a female born with a male twin, usually infertile. Fat stock/Finished Stock - beef animals that are ready for slaughter. Also refers to a mature cow that is not lactating whatever the reason. Cows in which calving is imminent are close-up dry cows, or are freshening. Dry Cow - a cow in the two - three month period between the end of lactation and the subsequent calving. Cull Cow - Cow slaughtered out of herd for variety of reasons, eg age (over thirty months scheme), end of productive span, illness etc. The term is also used to describe mature females of some other species, eg elk, moose, reindeer etc. Cow - mature female bovine after having had one calf. Dairy Cow - cow of a breed specifically defined as being for milk production, as distinct from beef or dual purpose breeds. Veal Calf - Specially reared, grown quickly and fed on special food aged up to three months. Dairy Calf - calf of a mating between a bull and a cow both of dairy breeds. Bull calf - entire male young animal up to stage of yearling. Bob veal calf one to three weeks old, sold for baby veal, often the male calves from dairy farms, average weight 150lbs (68kgs). 'Bobby' calf - calf slaughtered whilst only a few days old. (In some legislation six months old or even less). Calf - bovine animal less than a year old. Bull beef - from entire animals instead of the fatter steer or bullock. Bullock - Mature castrated male cattle destined for meat production. Bull - Entire male bovine animal of breeding age, usually over one year old. 1100lbs) at one and a half to two years of age. Beefling - a fat young cattle beast weighing 500kg (approx. Baby Beef - slaughter cattle weighing 700 to 1000lbs (approx 315 to 450kgs) at 9 to 15 months of age grading good or better for quality. Beast - general descriptive term for an adult bovine. Breeds include South Devon, Welsh Black, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Sussex. Main dairy breeds in the UK are Friesian, Holstein, Ayrshire, Shorthorn, Guernsey and Jersey.īeef Type - A real beef type animal is solid in its body, well covered with flesh, particularly in the hindquarters and back. Three quarters of our beef is produced from the dairy herd.ĭairy Type - The extreme dairy type of cow is long and thin, with a wedge shape body, carrying little flesh and with prominent bones. 
Although there are distinct beef and dairy types, there is no clear line between them. They produce not only milk but also meat of different types at various stages in their lives.
CattleĬattle are the most productive farm livestock kept in the United Kingdom. This entry lists farm animals and the terms that are applied to them. The terminology for agricultural livestock is varied and often based on regional terms that have different meanings in different areas. There are many different types of animals which are kept on farms, each fulfilling different needs.
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